Situated on the Owasco Lake watershed, the Town of Groton is rolling hills and valleys.  The principal streams are Owasco Inlet and Fall Creek.  The town is bisected by New York State Route 38, which runs north and south and marks what was once the boundary between the Cayuga and Onondaga nations (a boundary respected by both).  North of the Old Peruville Road intersection of NYS Route 38 marks what was once the hunting grounds of Cayuga Indians.  New York State Route 222 enters from the east.  The 2020 census reports 5,746 residents of which 2,145 reside within the village.